Here is (the beginning of) some help:

(1) The VAT in Norway since 2005, is:

       25% general rate (in FA, just update 24% to 25%)
       15% on foodstuffs (in FA, just update just update 12% to 15%)
        8%        (in FA, this a new VAT type) 
                     The 8% VAT is for the following stuff:
                     the supply of passenger transport services and the procurement of
                    such services, on the letting of hotel rooms and holiday homes, and
                    on transport services regarding the ferrying of vehicles as part of the
                    domestic road network, cinema tickets, the television licence.
        0% on various stuff/services (or if the company is too small to pay/charge VAT)

        (Documentation in English: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAT#The_Nordic_countries)

(2) Regarding a general check and update of the Norwegian Charts Of Accounts,
      then I need to run some kind of diff against the official standard.
      * Regarding the current official standard, then you can leave that to me.
      * Regarding the the version of the Norwegian standard that FrontAccounting
         ships with, then I need to find out the best way to check. Do you have a link
         to - or explanation of - the file where it als is kept?

(3) How should I provide you the updated data? Is there a data format that I can use? (It might be that I want to provide additional Charts, if it they are easy to set up, technically.)

I'm sure you have answered this before, so sorry for the inconvenience in that regards.  ;-)

The VAT for the Norwegian Charts of Accounts (kontoplan) says 24%.

Wheras the actual VAT has been 25% since january 2005.

The official Charts of Accounts were updated at the end of 2005 - so there might be even more changes, here and there.