As far as I know this cannot be done with existing core functionality.  I've done this in one of my modules though. I've created a PagerInterface and there are two implementations one for query data, and one for "Model" data (my code has data in several 'Model' classes).  Here's a link to that:

https://github.com/saygoweb/frontaccounting-module-sgw_sales/tree/master/includes/common/Pager

This did require a few changes in the core to support.  These changes are here.

https://github.com/cambell-prince/frontaccounting/commit/60a6218858ae6a5d7793ab180a62f0deed57b951

Those changes are based off a fork that I use, not based off the current core.  So, you'd need to adapt as necessary to fit the current core.

I am aware of db_pager functionality. Now I need to make a table with paging functionality from already queried data.
Is there any way to do this?