I did get in the habit of checking through FA user queries like "Sales order inquiry" and "GL inquiry" to verify the page operations (Direct Invoice, Bank Payment, etc.) completed properly.  So far, since the start of this total posting, all DB operations have completed properly when I checked inside the actual MySql DB even though the SQL_Trail reports problems.

Unless I can find an actual time DB operations do not complete (which has only occurred once in the hundreds of operations I've inspected), I will consider this post resolved.

Thank you again for your help (and apmuthu) and I will delete the connections I sent you in a couple of weeks if nothing else has happened.

I read it. i dont think you have problem.  Some php versions has conflicting problem. sometimes a certain module is prohibited to use.. Like that some functions of FA is prohibited to run there.   

Example when i open the purchase invoice,, it shows the below error

There are no suppliers defined in the system.
/homepages/36/d687707890/htdocs/rrbc/includes/ui/ui_msgs.inc:14:    trigger_error('There are no suppliers defined in the system.','256')
/homepages/36/d687707890/htdocs/rrbc/includes/data_checks.inc:245:    display_error('There are no suppliers defined in the system.','1')
/homepages/36/d687707890/htdocs/rrbc/purchasing/po_entry_items.php:73:    check_db_has_suppliers('There are no suppliers defined in the system.')

For this error, you dont need to worry, it has to show "There are no suppliers defined in the system."

trigger_error - function was failed to work in your server.  may be the error reporting functions are affected badly due to their 1and1 firwall. so its connected few functions affected. display_error, check_db_has_supplier

function display_error($msg, $center=true)
{
    trigger_error($msg, E_USER_ERROR);
}

function display_notification($msg, $center=true)
{
    trigger_error($msg, E_USER_NOTICE);
}

function display_warning($msg, $center=true)
{
    trigger_error($msg, E_USER_WARNING);
}

Let me know if you need any links/credentials to help.

Not knowing what "collation' => 'utf8_xx" means, I  don't know how to compare this to our setting. 

Thank you for pointing me to the config_db.php file.  I had skipped right over it after looking in the config.php file.

I am still at a loss of why because I just do not know PHP hardly at all and it has been ten years since I worked with HTML web pages.  So I am of no help trying to figure out where in the FA code are the routines that actually control selecting and putting data. 

I will welcome your thoughts and any direction that you could offer me to try to figure out what is going on.

@kvvaradha has offered to help me diagnose the DB setup and trouble shoot what may be causing my errors and hopefully I will learn.

But, I still don't know how to change the DB, username or password in FA.  Could you point me where to look?

You can do it through config_db.php

Probably. try to install some other framework or cms like wordpress. and use it there. if the server has problem you can experience the same problem there.

INSERT INTO 0_bank_accounts (account_code, account_type, bank_account_name, bank_name, bank_account_number, bank_address, bank_curr_code, dflt_curr_act, bank_charge_act) VALUES ('1066', '3', 'Undeposited Donations', 'Treasurer', '','', 'USD', '0', '5690')    1    could not add a bank account for 1066
17    SET sql_mode = ''

The database still made the Bank account of 1066 with all of the field values listed.  I apologize for not pointing this out earlier because this may turn out to be a hand-shaking timing error.   I am also saying that all of the above errors that I listed in the previous posts except for "Concurrent editing conflict while sales order upda..." completed correctly without throwing an exception to the users form.  The errors only showed up in the sql_trail table in the database.

If this post raises any more unanswered questions, please ask and I will respond.

@kvvaradha has offered to help me diagnose the DB setup and trouble shoot what may be causing my errors and hopefully I will learn.

But, I still don't know how to change the DB, username or password in FA.  Could you point me where to look?

'

with an apostrophe (single quote) and then execute the SQLs in order in some MySQL client like phpMyAdmin, SQLyog, etc.

Chances are that the db user you created does not have sufficient write permissions.

Still produced "some" of the same errors and I pasted them below.

Dumping data for table 0_sql_trail
1    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
2    UPDATE 0_users SET last_visit_date='2018-08-12 17:16:24' WHERE user_id='admin'    1    could not update last visit date for user admin
3    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
4    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
5    UPDATE 0_users SET last_visit_date='2018-08-12 17:17:08' WHERE user_id='admin'    1    could not update last visit date for user admin
6    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
7    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
8    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
9    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
10    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
11    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
12    INSERT INTO 0_chart_master (account_code, account_code2, account_name, account_type) VALUES ('1066', '', 'Undeposited Donations', '1')    1   
13    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
14    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
15    SET sql_mode = ''    1   
16    INSERT INTO 0_bank_accounts (account_code, account_type, bank_account_name, bank_name, bank_account_number, bank_address, bank_curr_code, dflt_curr_act, bank_charge_act) VALUES ('1066', '3', 'Undeposited Donations', 'Treasurer', '','', 'USD', '0', '5690')    1    could not add a bank account for 1066
17    SET sql_mode = ''    1   

I still can't figure out why.

Try a fresh install with the sql/en_US-new.sql chart.